Asam laktat (Nama IUPAC: asam 2-hidroksipropanoat (CH3-CHOH-COOH), dikenal juga sebagai asam susu) adalah senyawa kimia penting dalam beberapa proses biokimia. Seorang ahli kimia Swedia, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, pertama kali mengisolasinya pada tahun 1780. Secara struktur, ia adalah asam karboksilat dengan satu gugus [hidroksil] yang menempel pada gugus karboksil. Dalam air, ia terlarut lemah dan melepas proton (H+), membentuk ion laktat. Asam ini juga larut dalam alkohol dan bersifat menyerap air (higroskopik).
Asam ini memiliki simetri cermin (kiralitas), dengan dua isomer: asam L-(+)-laktat atau asam (S)-laktat dan, cerminannya, iasam D-(-)-laktat atau asam (R)-laktat. Hanya isomer yang pertama (S) aktif secara biologi.
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