Main articles: Russian Presidents and Russian Prime Ministers
- Viktor Chernomyrdin, Prime Minister of Russia for the most of 1990s
- Yegor Gaidar, Prime Minister in 1992, launched the controversial shock therapy reforms aimed into installation of liberal market economy in Russia
- Boris Gryzlov, current Speaker of Russia's State Duma (the lower house of parliament) and a leader of the ruling United Russia party
- Mikhail Fradkov, Prime Minister in 2004–07, currently the head of Russian Foreign Intelligence Service
- Sergei Ivanov, Defense Minister of Russia for most of Putin's presidency
- Mikhail Kasyanov, Prime Minister in 2000–04, liberal politician
- Sergei Kiriyenko, Prime Minister in 1998, currently the head of Rosatom (the state nuclear energy corporation)
- Viktor Khristenko, acting Prime Minister in 2004, current Industry Minister
- Alexey Kudrin, Minister of Finance of Russia from 2000, Euromoney's "Finance Minister of the Year 2010"
- Sergey Lavrov, current Foreign Minister of Russia
- Yury Luzhkov, Mayor of Moscow from 1992 to 2010
- Valentina Matviyenko, governor of St. Petersburg since 2003 to 2011
- Dmitry Medvedev, President of Russia since 2008
- Sergei Mironov, current Speaker of Russia's Federation Council (the upper house of parliament) and a leader of the Fair Russia party
- Yevgeny Primakov, Foreign Minister in 1996–98 and Prime Minister in 1998–99, presided over the start of economic recovery and a significant change of the foreign policy
- Vladimir Putin, the second President of Russia in 2000–08, Prime Minister of Russia in 1999–2000 and currently since 2008
- Alexander Rutskoy, the first Vice President of Russia in 1991–93, was proclaimed acting president for a short time in the course of the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993
- Anatoliy Serdyukov, current Defense Minister of Russia since 2007
- Anatoly Sobchak, first post-Soviet mayor of St. Petersburg
- Sergei Stepashin, Prime Minister in 1999, currently the head of the Account Chamber of Russia (the state audit agency)
- Boris Yeltsin, the first President of Russia in 1991–99
- Vladimir Zhirinovsky, founder and the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Vice-Chairman of the State Duma
- Gennady Zyuganov, head of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation since 1993
- Viktor Zubkov, Prime Minister in 2007–08, the current Deputy Prime Minister and chairman of the board of directors of Gazprom