Visual arts
Architects
Main article: Russian architects
- Aloisio da Milano, builder of the Kremlin towers and Terem Palace
- Aloisio the New, builder of the Archangel Cathedral
- Gavriil Baranovsky, builder of Elisseeff Emporium and the Buddhist Temple in St Petersburg
- Vasily Bazhenov, architect of the Tsaritsyno Park and the Russian State Library
- Nicholas Benois, court architect of Nicholas I of Russia
- Joseph Bové, chief architect of Moscow after the Fire of 1812
- Vincenzo Brenna, court architect of Paul I of Russia
- Alexander Brullov, builder of the Pulkovo Observatory
- Charles Cameron, architect of Tsarskoye Selo and Pavlovsk Palace
- Alberto Cavos, builder of the Bolshoi Theatre and the Mariinsky Theatre
- Alexey Dushkin, inventor of the first deep column station
- Yury Felten, mover of the Thunder Stone, maker of the Summer Garden grille, builder of St Petersburg embankments
- Aristotile Fioravanti, builder of the Dormition Cathedral in Moscow
- Ivan Fomin, master of Russian neoclassical revival and postconstructivism
- Moisei Ginzburg, master of Constructivist architecture, founder of the OSA Group
- Ilya Golosov, builder of the Zuev Workers' Club
- David Grimm, builder of the Church of Maria Magdalene and Chersonesus Cathedral
- Boris Iofan, grandmaster of Stalinist architecture
- Matvei Kazakov, builder of the Kremlin Senate and the Moscow Mayor Hall
- Roman Klein, builder of the Pushkin Museum and TsUM
- Alexander Kokorinov, builder of the Imperial Academy of Arts
- Fyodor Kon, builder of the Smolensk Kremlin and Moscow's Bely Gorod
- Nikolai Ladovsky, leader of rationalist architecture of ASNOVA
- Berthold Lubetkin, pioneer of International style in Britain
- Nikolay Lvov, polymath scientist and artist, adapted rammed earth technology for northern climate, pioneered HVAC technology, built Priory Palace in Gatchina
- Georg Johann Mattarnovy, architect of Kunstkamera
- Konstantin Melnikov, foremost Avant-garde architect of 1920s
- Adam Menelaws, architect of Alexandria
- Auguste de Montferrand, builder of Saint Isaac's Cathedral and the Alexander Column
- Arkady Mordvinov, architect of the tallest hotel in Europe
- Nikolai Nikitin, engineer of the largest Soviet structures: Moscow State University, Luzhniki Stadium, The Motherland Calls and Ostankino Tower (once the world's tallest)
- Vyacheslav Oltarzhevsky, architect of the All-Russia Exhibition Centre and Hotel Ukraina (Moscow)
- Petrok Maly, builder of the Kitai-gorod Wall and the Ascension Church in Kolomenskoye
- Anatoly Polyansky, architect of the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, Moscow
- Alexander Pomerantsev, builder of the GUM and the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia
- Giacomo Quarenghi, builder of the Hermitage Theatre and Smolny Institute
- Bartolomeo Rastrelli, grandmaster of Russian baroque, builder of Peterhof Palace, Saint Andrew's Church in Kiev, Smolny Convent, Catherine Palace, Winter Palace
- Antonio Rinaldi, architect of Oranienbaum and Tsarskoye Selo, builder of the Marble Palace
- Carlo Rossi, architect of the neoclassical ensembles of St Petersburg, author of the Russian Museum, Alexandrinsky Theater, General Staff Building in St. Petersburg
- Lev Rudnev, builder of Stalinist scyscrapers
- Marco Ruffo, builder of Kremlin towers and the Palace of Facets
- Fyodor Schechtel, master of Art Nouveau, builder of Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal
- Vladimir Shchuko, builder of the Lenin Library, master of Stalinist architecture
- Aleksey Shchusev, builder of Lenin's Mausoleum on Red Square and the Hotel Moskva (Moscow)
- Vladimir Sherwood, builder of the State Historical Museum
- Vladimir Shukhov, engineer-polymath, inventor of breakthrough industrial designs(hyperboloid structure, thin-shell structure, tensile structure, gridshell), builder of Shukhov Towers and multiple other structures
- Pietro Antonio Solari, builder of the Spasskaya tower and the Palace of Facets
- Vasily Stasov, inventor of the Russian Revival style, builder of the Moscow Triumphal Gates and Narva Triumphal Gates
- Andrei Stackenschneider, builder of the Mariinsky Palace and Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace
- Ivan Starov, builder of the Tauride Palace
- Pavel Suzor, builder of the Singer House
- Vladimir Tatlin, author of Tatlin's Tower project
- Konstantin Thon, builder of the Grand Kremlin Palace, Kremlin Armoury and the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (the world's tallest Orthodox church)
- Domenico Trezzini, the first architect of St Petersburg, builder of the Peter and Paul Fortress, Summer Palace of Peter the Great, Twelve Collegia and Peter and Paul Cathedral (the world's tallest Orthodox belltower)
- Vesnin brothers, leaders of constructivist architecture
- Andrey Voronikhin, builder of the Kazan Cathedral and Saint Petersburg Mining Institute
- Postnik Yakovlev, builder of Saint Basil's Cathedral on Red Square
- Andreyan Zakharov, builder of the Russian Admiralty
- Mikhail Zemtsov, architect of Catherinethal
- Ivan Zholtovsky, master of Stalinist architecture
Sculptors and jewellers
Main article: Russian artists
- Mikhail Anikushin, monumentalist, author of the celebrated statues of Pushkin
- Mark Antokolski, famous for historical images
- Mihail Chemiakin, author of Children Are the Victims of Adult Vices
- Peter Clodt, famous for equestrian statues, author of the Anichkov Bridge Horse Tamers
- Vasily Demut-Malinovsky, author of the chariot groups on the Narva Triumphal Gates and the General Staff Building in St. Petersburg
- Peter Carl Fabergé, jeweller, creator of the Fabergé Eggs
- Naum Gabo, sculptor, pioneer of kinetic art
- Mikhail Gerasimov, forensic sculptor, reconstructed the appearance of Tamerlane, Yaroslav the Wise, Rudaki and many other historical figures
- Ilya Kabakov, conceptual installation artist
- Vyacheslav Klykov, author of the monuments to Marshal Zhukov, Saints Cyril and Methodius, the Battle of Kursk
- Sergey Konenkov, sculptor, "the Russian Rodin"
- Mikhail Kozlovsky, neoclassical sculptor, author of the Samson fountain in Peterhof and monument to Suvorov the Mars
- Ivan Martos, author of the Monument to Minin and Pozharsky on Red Square
- Mikhail Mikeshin, author of the Millennium of Russia, the monument to Catherine II in St Petersburg, the monument to Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Kiev
- Vera Mukhina, sculptress, inventor of welded sculpture, author of the Worker and Kolkhoz Woman
- Ernst Neizvestny, author of the Lotus Flower at the Aswan Dam in Egypt
- Alexander Opekushin, author of early monuments to Pushkin, Lermontov, Aleksandr II
- Boris Orlovsky, author of the statues of Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly in front of Kazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg
- Fedot Shubin, neoclassical sculptor, famous 18th century portraitist
- Nikolai Tomsky, author of multiple Lenin statues and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Moscow)
- Zurab Tsereteli, author of the Peter the Great Statue, To the Struggle Against World Terrorism, St. George statues at the Moscow War Memorial and the Freedom Monument (Tbilisi)
- Yevgeny Vuchetich, author of the Soviet War Memorial in Berlin, Let Us Beat Swords into Plowshares in the New York UN garden, and The Motherland Calls in Volgograd
Painters
Main article: Russian artists
- Ivan Aivazovsky, author of The Ninth Wave and over 6000 paintings, mostly seascapes
- Fedor Alekseev, prominent landscapist, "the Russian Canaletto"
- Aleksei Antropov, baroque painter and portraitist
- Ivan Argunov, major 18th century portraitist
- Léon Bakst, stage and costume designer for the Ballets Russes, author of the Terror Antiquus
- Alexandre Benois, artist and art critic, influential stage designer, author of the celebrated illustrations to Pushkin's Bronze Horseman
- Ivan Bilibin, painter and stage designer, famous for illustrations of Slavic mythology and sets for fairytale-based Russian operas
- Victor Borisov-Musatov, post-impressionist painter, creator of the Russian Symbolism
- Vladimir Borovikovsky, famous portraitist at the turn of the 19th century
- Alexander Briullov, neoclassical architect and portrait painter
- Karl Briullov, neoclassical painter, author of The Last Day of Pompeii
- Marc Chagall, polymath-artist, pioneer of modernism and figurative art, author of famous stained glasses
- Pavel Chistyakov, history and portrait painter, tutor of many celebrated artists
- Alexander Deyneka, master of socialist realism, author of the mosaics at Mayakovskaya (Moscow Metro)
- Dionisy, medieval icon painter, author of frescoes in the Ferapontov Monastery
- Vladimir Favorsky, graphic artist, famous for woodcut illustrations of the classic books
- Pavel Fedotov, realist painter, "the Russian Hogarth"
- Nikolai Ge, realist painter, famous for works on historical and religious motifs
- Igor Grabar, post-impressionist painter, restorer and art historian
- Feofan Grek, medieval fresco and icon-painter in Byzantine Empire and Russia
- Alexander Ivanov, neoclassical painter, author of The Appearance of Christ before the People
- Sergey Ivanov, author of famous illustrations of Russian history
- Wassily Kandinsky, inventor of the pure abstract art, founder of Der Blaue Reiter
- Orest Kiprensky, romantic painter and portraitist
- Pavel Korin, history painter, portraitist and art restorer
- Konstantin Korovin, leading Russian impressionist painter
- Ivan Kramskoi, painter and art critic, author of the Christ in the Desert and the Unknown Woman
- Arkhip Kuindzhi, landscapist, notable for his light technique
- Boris Kustodiev, author of famous portraits, holiday scenes and "Kustodiev's women" (The Merchant's Wife, Bathing, The Russian Venus)
- Mikhail Larionov, avant-garde painter, inventor of rayonism
- Alexey Leonov, cosmonaut and painter, made some of his works in the outer space
- Aristarkh Lentulov, avant-garde painter, author of the Skybell
- Isaac Levitan, landscapist, author of the Over Eternal Peace
- Dmitry Levitzky, prominent 18th century portrat master
- Rafail Sergeevich Levitsky, Peredvizhniki artist and court photographer to the Romanov dynasty
- El Lissitzky, avante garde painter, typographer, author of Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge
- Mikhail Lomonosov, polymath scientist and artist, re-descoverer of smalt, author of mosaics dedicated to Petrine era
- Anton Losenko, 18th century history painter and portraitist
- Konstantin Makovsky, famous for idealized history paintings
- Kazimir Malevich, inventor of suprematism, author of the Black Square
- Sergey Malyutin, painter and folk artist, designed the first matryoshka doll
- Vladimir Mayakovsky, futurist poet and propaganda artist, author of the Rosta Windows agitprop
- Mikhail Nesterov, religious symbolist painter, portraitist, author of The Vision of the Youth Bartholomew
- Ivan Nikitin, famous Petrine era portraitist
- Vasily Perov, realist painter, author of the Troika and The Hunters at Rest
- Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, symbolist painter, author of the Bathing of a Red Horse
- Vasily Polenov, landscape painter, author of A courtyard in Moscow and Grandma's garden
- Liubov Popova, cubist abstractionist paintress
- Ilya Repin, archetypical Russian painter, famous for his portraits and history scenes, author of the Barge Haulers on the Volga and the Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks
- Alexander Rodchenko, avante garde artist, graphic designer and constructivist painter
- Nicholas Roerich, artist, scientist, traveler, public figure, initiator of the international Roerich’s Pact, author of over 7000 paintings
- Fyodor Rokotov, prominent Catherine era portraitist
- Andrei Rublev, most famous Russian icon-painter, author of the Trinity
- Andrei Ryabushkin, history painter, works devoted mostly to the 17th century Russia
- Alexei Savrasov, landscape painter, creator of the lyrical landscape style
- Zinaida Serebriakova, the most prolific paintress of Russia, famous for female portraits and nudes
- Valentin Serov, impressionist painter, portraitist, author of The Girl with Peaches and The Kidnapping of Europe
- Taras Shevchenko, romantic poet and painter
- Ivan Shishkin, author of the most celebrated Russian landscapes: the Morning in a Pine Forest, Rye Fields, the Rain in an Oak Forest
- Konstantin Somov, prominent Russian literature illustrator
- Vasily Surikov, author the famous Russian history paintings: The Morning of Streltsy's Execution, Boyarynya Morozova, The March of Suvorov through the Alps
- Vasily Tropinin, romantic and realist portraitist
- Simon Ushakov, prolific late 17th century icon painter, author of the Saviour Not Made by Hands
- Feodor Vasilyev, lyrical landscape painter
- Apollinary Vasnetsov, Russian history illustrator, many works devoted to Moscow
- Viktor Vasnetsov, famous for Russian history and Slavic mythology images, inventor of budenovka, author of the Flying Carpet, Tsar Ivan The Terrible, the Bogatyrs
- Alexey Venetsianov, prominent genre painter, founder of the "Venetsianov school"
- Vasily Vereshchagin, battle painter, author of The Apotheosis of War and the Blowing from Guns in British India
- Mikhail Vrubel, leader of the Russian Symbolism, author of The Demon Sitting and The Swan Princess
- Marianne von Werefkin, avante-garde expressionist paintress
- Nikolai Yaroshenko, realist genre painter and portraitist
- Konstantin Yuon, Soviet era landscape painter
- Pyotr Zakharov-Chechenets, portrait painter of Chechen origin
- Karp Zolotaryov, late 17th century icon painter, notable for realistic style
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